Week7_ Due_Mon_08-20_Research and discuss artificial intelligence or robotics innovations

A.I. and Robotics Innovation



In May 1997, Garry Kasparov, the world’s chess champion was defeated by IBM’s super-computer “Deep Blue”. Kasparov admitted that what he faced was a different kind of intelligence. It was an extra-ordinary form of artificial intelligence (AI) capable of calculating 200 million moves per second, but is unable to adjust with new situations. It could not learn from its errors and had no way of recognizing the weak points of its opponent; it could only follow what its program dictates. In contrast to IBM’s supercomputer, we humans are able to handle unexpected situations based on our experience and intuition.


Logical Artificial Intelligence: This type of reasoning is about what a program knows regarding the world in general, the facts of a particular situation in which it must act, and the objectives it must accomplish. (Grosz & Davis) Such concepts are held within the program in the form of mathematical logical language. Though, the practicality of current expert systems depends on the system’s user demonstrating a certain level of common-sense.


Perception: The speed with which we humans extract information from images makes vision the preferred perceptual modality for most people in the majority of tasks, thus implying that computers should be capable of both understanding and synthesizing images. One of the goals of computer-vision research is image understanding and classification. (Doyle & Dean) These include facial recognition, object recognition and reconstruction, hand tracking and gesture recognition, and document analysis and recognition. Though, while today’s computer-vision techniques are capable of impressive achievement under controlled conditions, such techniques usually prove to be unstable under real-world conditions. (Grosz & Davis)


Human-Computer Interaction: This field of artificial intelligence came from the idea that people use a number of different media to communicate, including: languages, gestures, sounds, and drawings. (Grosz & Davis) Particularly important is knowledge representation due to its strong effect on the prospects for a computer or person to arrive at conclusions and make inferences from available information. (Stottler Henke) As a result, work in this area hopes to discover expressive, efficient, and appropriate methods for representing information regarding all aspects of the real world.


The area of robotics is closely associated to that of artificial intelligence, though definitional issues are many. Despite developments in the field, current AI systems are fundamentally incapable of demonstrating intelligence as we know it. Existing AI is only as smart as the one who wrote the program for it. Thus, researchers nowadays strongly believe that the goal of imitating the human ability to solve problems and achieve goals in the real world is neither likely nor desirable since a lengthy series of breakthroughs is required to accomplish it.



REFERENCES


Doyle, Jon and Thomas Dean. Strategic Directions in Artificial Intelligence. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., 1996. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/ftp/doyle/sdai96.html

Grosz, Barbara and Randall Davis. Report to ARPA on 21st Century Intelligent Systems. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 1994. Available online at: http://www.aaai.org/Library/Magazine/Vol15/aimag15-03-001.php

Stottler Henke. Glossary of AI Terms. Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., 2002. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://www.stottlerhenke.com/ai_general/glossary.htm

Trend Micro. The Hidden Intelligence: Innovation through Intuition. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://www.go-red.com/pdf/trend_report_intuition.pdf