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Sunday, September 9, 2007
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
Link to Exploring FLICK.com
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Link to reply posted by discussion from Dereck Peterson
Link to reply on Web2.0 tools posted by Dereck Peterson
http://petersonrace.com/cgi/wp/?p=7
Monday, September 3, 2007
Saturday, August 25, 2007
Research and Discussion of Web2.0 Tools
The technologies of Web 2.0 have changed the manner in which the web is used and viewed. Instead of just a mechanism to provide information, the web is now interactive and harnessing the wisdom of many through wikis, blogs, and communities. New terms have been coined or resurrected to explain the new phenomenon; crowd-sourcing, social networking, collective intelligence and many more.
(Howe, J.) Organizations no longer only use the Web as a tool for information dissemination and marketing but as a way to include the customer base in design, development and support. Web 2.0 is about inclusion, harnessing the wisdom of many to reach new conclusions and optimizing research and learning.
One of the typical characterizations of Web 2.0 is the Dynamic Updates. “Ajax” technologies enable pages to be updated in increments. Web applications may also allow automatic updates such as providing updated stock quotes, sports scores, temperatures or other information.
Utilizing Web Services, a Web page can be made up of information from numerous different sources. Different portions of the page can be identified with a role of region indicating that it is a perceivable unit which is given a title.
Regions have properties which identify the type of region and how it is updated. Live regions have added semantics to identify the type of update and how the user should be notified. Users will not be notified of updates marked as polite until any current activity is completed. On the other side of the field are updates marked as “rude” which are high priority and should interrupt any current activity.
With the use of standard scripting, input focus, and semantic metadata, the Accessible Rich Internet Application specification allows Web 2.0 applications and interfaces to be available to all users, including those in need of assistive technologies. It is of vital importance that the browser be able to communicate all of the required information on Web components to the assistive technology.
“Web 2.0” exemplifies the next generation of the Web supporting collective intelligence, community-based collaboration, social networking, content publishing, and content integration over the Internet.
It enables a standardized manner of representing fresh content to enable on-demand information sharing and aggregation for the Web community. Blogs let users generate online journals. Wikis allows users to add and edit content collectively.
With the introduction of Asynchronous Java-Script and XML (Ajax) technology, applications, such as mobile communications, knowledge sharing, desktop applications, podcasts, and the 3-dimentional virtual world, have utilized Web 2.0 technologies.
One of the main challenges with Web 2.0 is the use of “Asynchronous JavaScript and XML” (or Ajax) to dynamically build pages. On the other hand, there exist two main problems, particularly: 1) notifying the user that the page has been updated, and 2) if JavaScript has been turned off, calls to the server will not be possible.
Many anticipate that both browser and screen reader manufacturers will come up with solutions to these problems; although this might take some time. (Kanjilal, J.) An answer for building accessible Web 2.0 sites is to follow “Hijax” guidelines, which will allow Ajax type dynamic Web pages, while enabling furthermore accessible development. (Keith, J.)
Another issue with Web 2.0 applications is that they permit Web content authoring, and as a result entail accessibility in Web authoring. Consequently, they are subject not just to the “Web Content Accessibility Guidelines”, but as well as the “Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines” also.
Therefore, the accessibility of Web 2.0 relies largely on Web developers’ motivation to develop accessible sites in line with the guidelines of the “Web Access Initiative”. (WAI Homepage) Additionally, there are numerous companies providing services that will make sites accessible.
REFERENCES
Kanjilal, Joydip. Introducing Asynchronous Java Script and XML (Ajax) in ASP.NET. Ajax Matters. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://www.ajaxmatters.com/articles/asp/intro_aspajax_p1.aspx
Keith, Jeremy. Hijax: Progressive Enhancement with Ajax. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://xtech06.usefulinc.com/schedule/paper/29
Web Accessibility Initiative. WCAG 2 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ). Available online at: http://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG20/wcag2faq#update1
W3C (2000). Authoring Tool Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://www.w3.org/TR/WAI-AUTOOLS/atag10.pdf
REFERENCES
Anderson, Paul. What is Web 2.0? JISC Technology and Standards Watch, February 2007. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://dissident.typepad.com/my_weblog/files/what_is_web_2.0%20(Jisc).pdf
Howe, Jeff. The Rise of Crowd Sourcing. Wired Magazine, Issue No. 14; June 6, 2006.
Tech Soup. Everything You Need to Know About Web 2.0. Accessed online, July 2007 at: http://www.techsoup.org/toolkits/web2/
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Wednesday, August 15, 2007
Tuesday, August 14, 2007
Week9_DueMon_09-03_Expand Facfs-Trends of IT outsourcing
Facts and Trends from Research of IT Outsourcing
IT outsourcing can be a one stop IT solution for companies providing IT Enabled services. These companies provide high quality, time-bound and cost-effective services. Typical services can include:
*Data Entry
*Forms Processing
*Back Office Operations
*Insurance Claims Processing
*Medical Transcription
*Data Conversion
*Scanning, Image Editing, OCR, ICR, OMR services
*Web-Designing, Web Promotion
*Call Center
These services are usually determined by a need in a business when it decides that it would be more cost effective to use an outsourced company, reducing capital infrastructure costs.
Outsourcing allows the company to focus on core business only, thus improving employee satisfaction with higher value addition jobs and making the best use of competitive resources available worldwide.
Using an outsourced company would give you the same standard hardware and software platforms available worldwide and would be high speed and would have a low cost of Telecommunications, making the Internet the global communication medium and allowing on line data processing possible from any location. (Casale 2001)
Today, companies have to dip into the knowledge bases of their suppliers to innovate customers. Buyers must have input at the formative stages of a supplier's new strategy. Buyers only have the power to change things while the ideas are still nascent. (Godwin 2000)
Outsourcing can be very beneficial to a company especially if the business manager takes a hard look at the core competencies. If the manager can revisit the areas of the company that aren't directly involved in those competencies, consider whether outsourcing can enable the manager to spin off those tasks and let another company take over the management responsibilities for that work or use modern communication technology to work closely with the people - now partners instead of employees are doing the work.
References
Casale, Frank J.; (2001); Important factors for successful outsourcing Founder and CEO The Outsourcing Institute. October 2001
Godwin, (2000) Article: Vendors' ERP Outsourcing Picks Up and Takes Off by Information Week, CIO magazine, Financial Times of London, InfoWorld, The Economist, and Fortune
Week8_DueMon_08-27_Research and discuss a think TANK of IT Outsourcing
Research and Discuss of
Information Technology Outsourcing
Although the mix of factors raising the possibility of outsourcing varies widely from one company to another, there are a series of themes that explain most of the pressures to outsource. First of all, general managers concerns about cost and quality drive outsourcing.
The same issues such as getting existing services for a reduced price at acceptable quality standard came up repeatedly (Jones, 1997). Second, failure to meet service standards can force management to find other ways of achieving reliability.
It is not atypical to find a company in which cumulative IT management neglect eventually culminated in an out-of-control situation the current IT department could not recover from. Management can see outsourcing as a way to fix a broken department. Third, a firm under intense cost or competitive pressures, which does not see IT as its core competence, may find outsourcing a way to delegate time-consuming, messy problems so it can focus scarce management time and energy on other differentiators.
Next, several financial issues can make outsourcing appealing. One is the opportunity to liquidate the firm s intangible IT asset, thus strengthening the balance sheet and avoiding a stream of sporadic capital investments in the future. Also, outsourcing can turn a largely fixed-cost business into one with variable costs. This is particularly important for firms whose activities vary widely in volume from one year to another or which face significant downsizing (Manufacturing and Technology News, 2003).
Companies are increasingly outsourcing the management of information technology (IT) for reasons that include concern for cost and quality, lagging IT performance, supplier pressure, access to special technical and application skills, and other financial factors. The outsourcing solution is acceptable to large and small firms alike because strategic alliances are now more common and the IT environment is changing rapidly.
Finally an important factor is cultural conflicts. What is accepted in one culture may be different in another, causing worker and management related problems. For instance the role of leadership in an organization or the number of hours a worker is expected to work a week. These variables have to be scrutinized by the outsourcing company.
Outsourcing has identified numerous potential benefits. Financial benefits from outsourcing included rapid funding of new systems development and economies of scale and scope. As consolidate infrastructure through IT outsourcing, a firm can experience cost reductions in hardware and software licensing, facilities, and support headcount. Outsourcing, also, can capitalize on an outside vendor s extensive IT problem solving knowledge. An outside vendor had the ability to get more of the technology that came out.
They could spend money on investments that a company couldn’t afford internally. That opens up a lot more avenues to future technologies. An outside vendor would manage the IT function more efficiently. A vendor s main competency is managing computer systems. Through their skills, leverage, and economies of scale, they could provide a level of efficiency that could not be achieved at the outsourcer.
Finally, Perhaps most important, outsourcing allow internal IT managers to focus on the development of a new IT infrastructure. Underlying the outsourcing effort is a fundamental strategy to offload legacy applications and operations so a firm could focus on developing new strategic application to support the global business processes, which were being reengineered.
References
Jones. W 1997. Outsourcing basics. Information Systems Management
Moran, Nuala. 1998. Core of the matter: outsourcing information technology functions. The Financial Post.
Wednesday, August 8, 2007
Week7_ Due_Mon_08-20_Research and discuss artificial intelligence or robotics innovations
A.I. and Robotics Innovation
In May 1997, Garry Kasparov, the world’s chess champion was defeated by IBM’s super-computer “Deep Blue”. Kasparov admitted that what he faced was a different kind of intelligence. It was an extra-ordinary form of artificial intelligence (AI) capable of calculating 200 million moves per second, but is unable to adjust with new situations. It could not learn from its errors and had no way of recognizing the weak points of its opponent; it could only follow what its program dictates. In contrast to IBM’s supercomputer, we humans are able to handle unexpected situations based on our experience and intuition.
Logical Artificial Intelligence: This type of reasoning is about what a program knows regarding the world in general, the facts of a particular situation in which it must act, and the objectives it must accomplish. (Grosz & Davis) Such concepts are held within the program in the form of mathematical logical language. Though, the practicality of current expert systems depends on the system’s user demonstrating a certain level of common-sense.
Perception: The speed with which we humans extract information from images makes vision the preferred perceptual modality for most people in the majority of tasks, thus implying that computers should be capable of both understanding and synthesizing images. One of the goals of computer-vision research is image understanding and classification. (Doyle & Dean) These include facial recognition, object recognition and reconstruction, hand tracking and gesture recognition, and document analysis and recognition. Though, while today’s computer-vision techniques are capable of impressive achievement under controlled conditions, such techniques usually prove to be unstable under real-world conditions. (Grosz & Davis)
Human-Computer Interaction: This field of artificial intelligence came from the idea that people use a number of different media to communicate, including: languages, gestures, sounds, and drawings. (Grosz & Davis) Particularly important is knowledge representation due to its strong effect on the prospects for a computer or person to arrive at conclusions and make inferences from available information. (Stottler Henke) As a result, work in this area hopes to discover expressive, efficient, and appropriate methods for representing information regarding all aspects of the real world.
The area of robotics is closely associated to that of artificial intelligence, though definitional issues are many. Despite developments in the field, current AI systems are fundamentally incapable of demonstrating intelligence as we know it. Existing AI is only as smart as the one who wrote the program for it. Thus, researchers nowadays strongly believe that the goal of imitating the human ability to solve problems and achieve goals in the real world is neither likely nor desirable since a lengthy series of breakthroughs is required to accomplish it.
REFERENCES
Doyle, Jon and Thomas Dean. Strategic Directions in Artificial Intelligence. Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., 1996. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://groups.csail.mit.edu/medg/ftp/doyle/sdai96.html
Grosz, Barbara and Randall Davis. Report to ARPA on 21st Century Intelligent Systems. American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 1994. Available online at: http://www.aaai.org/Library/Magazine/Vol15/aimag15-03-001.php
Stottler Henke. Glossary of AI Terms. Stottler Henke Associates, Inc., 2002. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://www.stottlerhenke.com/ai_general/glossary.htm
Trend Micro. The Hidden Intelligence: Innovation through Intuition. Accessed online, August 2007 at: http://www.go-red.com/pdf/trend_report_intuition.pdf
Week 6_DueMon_08-13_ Select a discipline and forecast a prediction of IT outsourcing
IT Discipline and Forecast a prediction
Global Offshore outsοurcing services are forecast to grοw at more than 20% annually over the next several years pushing the volume of buѕiness to $15 billion by 2007. А study recently developed by IDC shows that in 2004 IT Outsοurcing revenues for Argentina were U$S 143 million. This figure grew by 26.48% in 2005 and is forecast to grοw а further 17.5% this year.
Furthermore this growth rate is also forecast to continue on past 2010. (Grossman & Helpman 2002) . Multisourcing discipline is vital for successful outsοurcing strategies. Multisourcing is not simply outsοurcing improved — it is an innovative discipline that takes organizations beyond "quick fix" coѕt cutting to enable capability building, global expansion, increased agility and profitability, and competitive advantage.
This growth trend in outsοurcing is mostly fuelled by the promise of significant coѕt reductions; however, back in 2003, McAulay et al interviewed IT managers who reported that enhancing competitiveness, creating strategic advantage, improving service quality to customers, and increasing access to expertise were most important benefits. Today there is а greater consensus that besides lower costs, offshore outsοurcing can provide great benefits in expertise, availability, and responsiveness to buѕiness needs.
With all gains there are also significant dangers and with outsοurcing information systems those range from not meeting the expected coѕt savings in the short term even though longer term process improvements may further increase savings, to data security through the possible lack of process discipline, loss of buѕiness knowledge, culture adjustments, and vendor inexperience resulting in inability to deliver. (Kirkegaard 2004)
It has been predicted that outsοurcing’s basic IT functions, such as systems design and building projects will increase in the future. Most highly recognized research firms such as IDC, Forrester, Gartner, and McKinsey, agree with their predictions that IT offshore outsοurcing will grοw steadily over the next five to 10 years. The primary drivers of this growth being the search by companies for lower costs, higher technical expertise, focus on core buѕiness and faster completion times.
References
Gene Grossman and Elhanen Helpman, "Outsourcing in a Global Economy," NBER Working Paper No. w8728, January 2002
Jacob F. Kirkegaard, “Outsourcing – Stains on the White Collar?” Institute for International Economics working paper, January 2004
Week3 Identify your favorit Web 2.0 tools
My favorite thing about this is In Learning Center that first caught into my
attention was Databases as moving along, and I found this article talking about
Open Source Database Technologies very helpful.
When I read about this article, I wondered why a software developer or
programmer haven’t been talking more seriously and deeply about the
experiential aspects of various ways that we could develop specific CODE
with SQL to prevent Hacker to use the SQL injection script to access to other
network.
Thursday, August 2, 2007
Week 4 Identify a FAILED prediction of IT outsourcing to forecast, discuss and analyze
The prediction in the initial waves of outsourcing of jobs from the US to other places in the world where productivity and quality is comparable or better, and where costs are just a fraction of US costs, is that such outsourcing will mean the loss of US jobs and an overall detrimental effect on the jobs situation in the country.
In the early goings, the prediction did not seem to hold water, as just simple back office and other menial, low paid work was outsourced. By 2003, however, the consensus was that there was a growing trend towards the outsourcing of higher-value work that threatened college graduates in the US. As the outsourcing momentum grows, the prediction is that the kinds of jobs that will be outsourced will increasingly be those that are higher up the value chain, leading to the general erosion of the chances of US citizens with high qualifications to compete with their foreign counterparts due to cost. This is true for IT outsourcing and IT jobs in the US as well (IDG News Service, 2003).
The reality, however, is that the prediction does not hold up to the facts. Even in 2003, the observation is that the outsourcing of IT work and processes has not generally resulted in the loss of IT jobs at home. In fact the prediction from 2004 onwards is that the number of US IT jobs will grow rather than shrink, and that overall the share of IT outsourced work to total work that is outsourced is very low. Moreover, with the older generation retiring, the prognosis is that there will actually be a shortage of IT labor supply in the US, rather than a shortage of work (IDG News Service, 2003).
The general prediction that the outsourcing of IT work is going to be a bane on the economy likewise does not seem to be true. While it is true that the outsourcing of all kinds of work and processes, including IT, should remain substantial moving forward, the cost savings to the US economy and the shift of work towards higher value-added work should mean that the US economy should in general be better off as a result of it (Drezner, 2004).
References
Drezner, D. (2004). The Outsourcing Bogeyman. Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 7 August 2007 from http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20040501faessay83301/daniel-w-drezner/the-outsourcing-bogeyman.html
IDG News Service (2003). Offshore outsourcing: Little effect on US jobs? Retrieved 7 August 2007 from http://www.itworld.com/Man/2701/031211outsourcing/
Week 5 Identify a Successful prediction of IT to forecast,discuss and analyze
Identifying a "SUCCESSFUL" prediction of IT outsourcing
Outsourcing is the contracting out of a company’s in-house function to a preferred vendor with a high quality level in the particular task area. Outsourcing is one of the fastest growing trends in business. Large- scale organizations (especially for their Internet and Pay-TV divisions) have latched onto outsourcing due to the almost immediate opportunity of savings and quality improvement.
Outsourcing can impact many elements of an organization in a positive or negative manner. Areas such as structure, corporate culture, cost centers and labor have the most tendencies to react to outsourcing developments. Advantages of clearing a structure can give senior management the prospect of re-using and expanding into locations that have been previously outsourced. (Robert A, 2007)
Employees of organizations don’t benefit from outsourcing as they are at a risk with becoming redundant. This occurs as another group outside the organization who have similar skills and competencies that can perform the same tasks replace existing workers. (Straub, 2004)
This treatment of employees can trigger a collapse in confidence and morale from all other employees throughout an organization as they view fellow employees leaving due to job replacements. Therefore in the future lasting employees will feel uncomfortable in an organization that is constantly outsourcing with fears of loosing their job. In order to prevent this morale downgrade management may choose to cross - train redundant employees so they can fit in another suitable position, where it may for expansion or increase labor productivity.
Another aspect that may be impacted by outsourcing is the hierarchical structure. If a certain department is run from outside such as Information Technology, i.e. Hardware and Software is controlled by an outside body, this makes the ‘IT’ division to be removed from the organization and hence its formal structure, hence it will be a doubtful decision to predict about the forecast because things will go beyond your control and your needs may not be identified by an outside body which could affect your business in the long run.
References
Guy Jr., Robert A.; Hill, J. Reginald, 2007, (Information Ages and Technology Management), Vol. 61 Issue 6, p67-72
Ang, Soon; Straub, Detmar W. MIS Quarterly, 2004, Vol. 22 Issue 4, p535-552
Thursday, July 26, 2007
Wednesday, July 11, 2007
My research dissertation
My research interest in Network Security including Web Security Application and SQL Database Security, Encryption Technology and Cryptography
Web and SQL Database Security
Research and Writing
Annotated Bibliography
By Tai Cleveland
Ph. D student of Computer Information Systems 2007 Colorado Technical University
Kelly, Van E.; Thomas, Catharine P.; Wang, Huiyu. 2000, Managing Data-Based Systems
With numerous systems applying dynamic construction of Web pages from a database, commercial information security is still more critical. Formerly, firm database authority or dedicated client software was obligatory to view the data. Nowadays anyone with access to a Web browser can inspect data in a database that is not appropriately guarded. In no way before has information security had so scores of weak points (Kelly et al, 2000). As the information technology industry shifts from the mainframe era to the client/server era to the Internet era, a largely growing number of points of infiltration have found ways in.
Zwicky, E., Chapman, B., and Cooper, S. 2000, Building Internet Firewalls, O'Reilly & Associates.
For a great deal of Internet security, database experts have had to depend on network administrators executing safety measures like firewalls to safeguard local data. As of the character of Intranet/ Internet information authority, still, a lot of security purposes fall into a dull area of accountability. (Zwicky et al, 2000)
Vaas, Lisa; McCright, John S. 2002, Database battle heats up. eWeek, Vol. 19 Issue 45, p9
Latest security measures and technology are initiated every day, and this article clarifies the Web and SQL Database security systems concerned with resolving the present troubles (Vaas et al, 2002).
Songini, Marc L. 2003, SQL Server Users Focus On Database's Security. Computerworld, Vol. 37 Issue 46, p6
Use of Microsoft's SQL Server database has grown dramatically over the past few years. Improvements in the application have made it a viable option for many organizations, providing much of the same functionality as Oracle on mid-range applications and costing quite a bit less. Microsoft has also developed MSDE, a desktop edition of SQL server that is free to use. Many products use this as their database. MSDE is just a stripped-down version of SQL Server; it limits the number of allowed connections and the size of the database (2GB).Microsoft's SQL Server uses the SA account for administration, which has super user access to the server and no password by default. If you do not delete this account or give it a strong password, your data is available to anyone with a little SQL Server knowledge. SQL Server also supports its own authentication scheme or Windows login account. Many applications require the server to run in mixed mode-that is, allowing either authentication scheme to be used. For security purposes, you should ideally use only Windows authentication, enabling you to centrally manage all of your accounts. SQL Server contains a number of stored procedures. These are macros and programs that are installed by default. Some stored procedures allow users to execute code on the system. If your database is compromised, an attacker could use these stored procedures to gain full control of the system and as a launching point against other systems on your network. Be sure to remove or disable any stored procedures you do not require. (Songini, 2003)
Nichols, R. and Lekkas, P., 2001, Wireless Security: Models, Threats, and Solutions, McGraw-Hill Professional.
Securing data for transmission over the Internet or Intranet is no simple job. The unsurpassed way to assess your security requirements is to consider the drawbacks of unofficial users viewing the data. The more confidentiality your data needs, the more security should be in place. Security is time and again far simpler to put into practice than to keep up. Make certain that the required procedures in your association keep your system up to date. Security is often ignored or avoided by everyday users for ease. By the time damaging of data or security breaks have been revealed, much spoil may have already been done. SQL Database and Web server merchants are regularly improving their systems, so keeping on up to date on the specific architectures is a necessity (Nichols and Lekkas, 2001).
Across Releases Using Historical Data Dictionaries. Bell Labs Technical Journal, Vol. 5 Issue 2, p121-133
MS SQL Server. Database Security in SQL Server 6.5. Apress Publishing, 2004. Available online at: http://www.aspfree.com/c/a/MS-SQL-Server/Database-Security-in-SQL-Server-6-5/
SQL Server: A database application is a program that enables clients to access to data. There are various types of this application, ranging from the expensive enterprise-level Microsoft SQL Server to the free and open source mySQL. Most database server applications have several things in common. First, database applications use the same general programming language known as SQL, or “Structured Query Language”. This language, also known as a fourth-level language due to its simplistic syntax, is at the core component on how a client communicates its requests to a server. Using SQL in its simplest form, a programmer can select, add, update, and delete information in a database. SQL can be used also to create and design entire databases, perform various functions on the returned information, and execute other programs.
The second function of database server applications is that they require some form of authenticated connection between client and host. Though SQL language in its basic form is quite easy to use, any client that wants to perform queries must first provide some form of credentials that will authorize the client. The client also has to define the format of the request and response. The client must define what type of database server it is connecting to, before any connection can be made. This is handled by a software component that provides the client with the instructions needed to create the request in the correct format. In addition to the type of database, the request type can be used to further define how the client's request will be handled by the server. Next are the database name and the authentication information. All the connection information is important, but by far the weakest link is the authentication information or lack of it. In a correctly managed server, each database has its own users with specially designated permissions that control what type of activity they can perform.
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